泰州地区稻田综合种养模式水稻病虫害绿色高效防控技术

本文介绍了泰州地区稻田综合种养模式采用的水稻病虫害绿色高效防控技术,主要包括物理防治、化学防治、生物防治等措施,并结合当地生产实践情况,推荐出低毒安全高效的药剂使用组合,实现了稻田环境的可持续发展。     

川黔等西南地区李子主要病虫害及防治技术

李适应性广,耐瘠薄干旱,是四川、重庆等西南山区的特色经济树种。李果实外观亮丽,脆甜爽口、营养丰富,是深受人们喜爱的特色水果之一。近年来四川、贵州、重庆地区青脆李、空心李、蜂糖李等地方品种有了迅速发展,促进了贫困山区脱贫致富和产业结构调整。但由于管理粗放和防治措施不当,致使李子生产区域病虫害发生严重,影响了果实的品质和经济效益。为了促进李子产业化发展,结合主要产区生产实际,总结出西南地区常见的病虫害及其防治措施,为李子生产提供技术参考。     

Prevention and Controlling Effect of Intercropping on Pests and Diseases and Its Risk Control in Cotton Fields

Cotton is one of the major field crops which are seriously threatened by pests and diseases. In recent years, the ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping has become to be an interesting approach. Intercropping possibly increases the population of natural enemies and finally reduces the population density of pests as a result of changes in ecological structure and environmental conditions of farmland. Intercropping thus has been considered an important alternative in controlling pests and diseases. However, cotton field intercropping also has some limitations in controlling pests and diseases. Unreasonable intercropping system has many risks such as increasing labor input, increasing the difficulty of pests’ control, and aggravating pests and diseases. In this paper, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of cotton intercropping on cotton pests and diseases were reviewed. The possible risks and countermeasures used for ecological control of intercropping were also put forward, and the future and application of ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping were prospected.     

平凉地区近年常见玉米病虫害及防控方法

本文针对平凉地区近年来常见玉米病虫害及防控方法进行分析，旨在解决病虫害对玉米生产的影响，从而提高玉米产量和品质。     

Estimating the Sensitivity and Specificity of Real‐Time Quantitative PCR of Fecal Samples for Diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Foals

Background

Real‐time, quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods for detecting Rhodococcus equi in feces have been developed as a noninvasive, rapid diagnostic test for R. equi pneumonia, but have not been evaluated in a large population of foals.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of fecal PCR as a diagnostic test for R. equi pneumonia in foals using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods.

Animals

186 foals born in 2011 at an R. equi‐endemic ranch in Texas.

Methods

Fecal samples were collected at the time of onset of clinical signs for pneumonic foals (n = 31). Foals with pneumonia were matched by age and birth date to healthy (n = 31) and subclinical (n = 124) control foals; fecal samples were collected from these controls. DNA was extracted from feces using commercial kits and concentration of virulent R. equi in feces was determined by qPCR.

Results

Concentration of R. equi in feces differed significantly (P < .05) among groups. The area under the ROC curve for fecal qPCR for diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia was 89% (95% CI, 83–99), with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 72%.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

qPCR of feces can be useful as an alternative to tracheobronchial aspiration for the diagnosis of R. equi in foals with clinical signs of pneumonia. Caution should be used in extrapolating results of this study to other populations because fecal concentration of R. equi might vary by geographic location or management practices.     

Application and mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles in the control of bacterial and fungal crop diseases

Nanotechnology is a young branch of the discipline generated by nanomaterials. Its development has greatly contributed to technological progress and product innovation in the field of agriculture. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to develop nanopesticides for plant protection. Plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infestations are the main types of crop diseases. Once infected, they will seriously threaten crop growth, reduce yield and quality, and affect food safety, posing a health risk to humans. We reviewed the application of metal-based nanoparticles in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles from two aspects: the direct interaction between nanoparticles and pathogens, and the indirect effects of inducing plant resilience to disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Transmission ecology of rodent‐borne diseases: New frontiers

Rodents are recognized reservoir hosts for many human zoonotic pathogens. The current trends resulting from anthropocene defaunation suggest that in the future they, along with other small mammals, are likely to become the dominant mammals in almost all human‐modified environments. Recent intricate studies on bat‐borne emerging diseases have highlighted that many gaps exist in our understanding of the zoonotic transmission of rodent‐borne pathogens. This has emphasized the need for scientists interested in rodent‐borne diseases to integrate rodent ecology into their analysis of rodent‐borne pathogen transmission in order to identify in more detail the mechanisms of spillover and chains of transmission. Further studies are required to better understand the true impact of rodent abundance and the importance of pathogen sharing and circulation in multi‐host– multi‐pathogen communities. We also need to explore in more depth the roles of generalist and abundant species as the potential links between pathogen‐sharing, co‐infections and disease transmission.     

广东省藜蒴研究进展

文章综述了近年来藜蒴的研究概况,指出藜蒴是一种分布广、种源丰富的优良乡土树种,在广东分布尤广;藜蒴人工林生物量较大,林地的土壤保水性和通气性均比火力楠林地、荷木林地的好;藜蒴造林可用实生苗和扦插苗,马尾松、藜蒴混交林比马尾松纯林树种根系的吸收能力强。藜蒴主要病虫害种类达30多种,其中虫害25种,病害8种以上;藜蒴木材用途广,可应用于中纤板生产,通过不同的抽提处理来改变或控制其弦界面性质。     

桐庐县板栗主要病虫为害现状及防治

对桐庐板栗病虫发生的主要种类和为害特点进行调查分析，并针对当前防治中存在的问题提出了相应的防治意见。     

公路草坪养护管理技术初探

为保证草坪绿化质量 ,延长其寿命 ,结合近年来在公路草坪施工与养护管理中积累的实践经验 ,对公路草坪的种类、生长习性 ,以及草坪建植后的浇水、除杂草、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等养护管理技术进行了探讨与总结 ,以期为各地公路草坪绿化建设提供借鉴与参考。